Roles de la hormona de crecimiento en la actualidad del infante y del adulto

Abstract

Introduction: Recombinant technology and generation of genetically modified systems
has broadened our understanding of the regulation and role of the Growth Hormone (GH)
axis, although its best known use is the regulation of growth there are other biological
functions including the regulation of metabolism, which contains processes related to
the hepatobiliary, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and reproductive systems. Being a
protein molecule that stimulates the growth of most tissues, favoring the increase in
cell size and mitosis. In addition, it plays an important role in the signaling of aging and
the development of cancer, for which it is necessary to study its effects in the sites
where it is metabolized, such as in the renal system since its use is common among
athletes due to Its beneficial effects on lean mass and physical performance, it has
also been prescribed in cases of deficiency since 1950, for which debates have arisen
regarding this treatment.
In children, chronic kidney disease usually generates a delay in growth that requires,
in some cases depending on the severity and duration of the disease, treatment with
growth hormone, replacement with GH corrects metabolic abnormalities, improves
the speed of growth and stature, thus normalizing the growth pattern through the
stimulus generated in the synthesis of Insulin Growth Factor (IGF-1). The normalization
of the bioactivity of somatomedin, which should allow a better quality of life in children
and their growth. Understanding then the prescription and operation of this hormone
is part of the knowledge required by the general practitioner in their daily practice,
therefore, in this article the roles of growth hormone and its applicability are discussed.
Conclusions: The function of growth hormone stimulates child growth, fulfilling
metabolic tasks to help maintain the youth of tissues and organs throughout life. This
is not limited to the growth of mammals since it exerts an effect on different tissues,
among which are anabolic functions, as well as antagonism of the action of insulin,
which is a slow and progressive disease. Therefore, growth hormone directs amino
acids towards muscle protein synthesis and induces lipolysis with the release of free
fatty acids, with increased levels of high-density lipoproteins and additionally induces
osteoblast differentiation, proliferation and bone formation. for which IGF-1 is required,
in particular, for the maintenance of cortical bone repair and restoration. Its effect on
the different organs, which is discussed in the article, makes it take great importance
in pathologies of interest to the doctor in the daily consultation, for the prevention of
benign tumors, gradual changes in the body, heart problems or diabetes, to exercise
control against the growth of children, and the development of adults, also includes the
health emergency of SARS-CoV2 since some studies have shown that its deficiency
is related to the severity of the infection. We recognize the importance of continuing
to study growth hormone and the GH / IGF-1 axis as well as signaling and prescription
pathways, to ensure a better quality of life and normal - progressive development in
humans, inclined by the study of the same, the consultations to practice and above all,
the prevention against the hormonal traits that exist in the different pathologies.